J&K Police constable Question Paper 2017

J&K  Police Constable, Question Papers 2017.

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Amendments in Indian constitution

Important Amendments In the Indian Constitution:

• 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951: This amendment added Article, 15(4) and Article, 19(6) and brought changes in the right to private property in pursuance with the decision of Supreme Court concerning fundamental rights. Ninth Schedule to the Constitution was also added to it.
• 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956: Through this amendment the implementation of the State Reorganisation Act, was made possible. The categorisation of States into Part A, Part B and Part C ceased henceforth. Part C states were redesignated as Union Territories. The seats in the Rajya Sabha and in the Union and State Legislatures were reallocated. It also affected changes regarding the appointment of additional and acting judges, High Courts and their jurisdictions etc.

• 10th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1961: Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as Union Territory.

• 12th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962: Inclusion of territories of Goa, Daman and Diu into the Indian Union.

• 13th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962: Insertion of Art. 371 A to make special provisions for the administration of the State of Nagaland.

• 14 the Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962: Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yenam, the former French territories, were specified in the Constitution as the Union Territory of Pondicherry (now Puducherry). Enabled the UTs of Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Goa, Daman and Diu and Pondicherry to have Legislatures and Council of Ministers.

• 15th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1963: lt raised the age of retirement of a High Court Judge from 60 to 62. Extended the jurisdiction of a High Court to issue writs under Art. 226 to a Government or authority situated outside its territorial jurisdiction where the cause of action arises within such jurisdiction.

• 16th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1963: Changes were effected in Art. 19 to enable the Parliament to make laws providing reasonable restrictions on the freedom of expression in the larger interests of sovereignty and integrity of India. Amendments were made in the form of oath contained in the third Schedule with emphasis on upholding the sovereignty and integrity of India.

• 19th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1966: Art. 324 was amended to clarify the duties of the Election Commission. It deprived the Election Commission of the power to appoint election tribunals for deciding election disputes of members of Parliament and State Legislatures.

• 21st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1967: The Sindhi language was included as a 15th regional language in the Eighth Schedule.

• 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971: It was a retaliatory act of the Parliament to neutralise the effect of the judgement in Golak Nath Case. It affirmed the parliament's power to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights by amending Arts. 368 and 13. It made obligatory for the President to give assent to Amendment Bills when they are presented to him/her.

• 25 the Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 (came into force on 20.04.1972): It restricted the jurisdiction of the Courts over acquisition laws with regard to the adequacy of Compensation. This amendment came primarily in the wake of Bank Nationalisation case and the word 'amount' was substituted in place of 'compensation' in Article 31.

• It also provided that no law passed by the State to give effect to Directive Principles specified under clauses (b) and (c) of Art. 39 can be declared void on the ground that it was inconsistent with Fundamental Rights conferred by Arts. 14, 19 and 31.

• 26th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971: This amendment withdrew the recognition to the rulers of Princely States and their privy purses were abolished.

• 30th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1972 (w.e.f. 27.02.1973): It provided that only such appeals can be brought to the Supreme Court which involve a substantial question of law. The valuation aspect of Rs. 20,000 for appeals in civil cases to the Supreme Court was abolished.

• 31st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1973: By this amendment, the seats of the Lok Sabha was increased from 525 to 545 but reduced the representation of UTs in Lok Sabha from 25 to 20.

• 35th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974 (w.e.f. 01.03.1975): Accorded status of Associate State to Sikkim by ending its protectorate kingdom status which was a novel concept introduced in the Constitution.

• 36th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975: Made Sikkim a full-fledged State of the Union of India.

• 38th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975: Clarified that declaration of emergency by the President and promulgation of Ordinance by the President or Governor cannot be challenged in any Court on any ground.

• 39th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975: The disputes or questions regarding elections of President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Speaker of Lok Sabha were taken out of the purview of judicial review of the Supreme Court or High Courts.

• 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini Constitution): The 42nd Amendment made fundamental changes in the constitutional structure and it incorporated the words 'SOCIALIST', 'SECULAR' and 'INTEGRITY' in the Preamble. Fundamental Duties were added in Part IVA. Directive Principles were given precedence over Fundamental Rights and any law made to this effect by the Parliament was kept beyond the scope of judicial review by the Court. It made the power of Parliament supreme so far as the amendment to the Constitution was concerned. It authorised the Supreme Court to transfer certain cases from one High Court to another and redefined the writ jurisdiction of the High Courts. It provided for Administrative Tribunals for speedy justice. It empowered the Centre to deploy armed forces in any State to deal with the grave law and order situation. It authorised the President to make Proclamation of Emergency for any part of the country or to the whole of India. It made it obligatory for the President to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers. Tenure of the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies was increased by one year.

• 43rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1977 (w.e.f. 13.04.1978): The 43rd Amendment omitted many articles inserted by the 42nd Amendment. It restored the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, which had been curtailed under the 42nd Amendment.

• 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 (w.e.f June—September 1979): The amendment was brought by the Janata Party Government which repealed some of the changes effected by 42nd Amendment, omitted a few and provided alterations. Right to property was taken away from the list of Fundamental Rights and placed in a new Art. 300A as an ordinary legal right. Constitutionality of the Proclamation of Emergency by the President could be questioned in a court on the ground of malafide (42nd Amendment had made it immune from judicial review). It brought the revocation of a Proclamation under Parliamentary control. In Article 352 regarding National Emergency, the words' internal disturbance' was substituted by the words 'armed rebellion'. It authorised the President to refer back the advice to the Council of Ministers for reconsideration but made it binding for the President to act on the reconsidered advice. The power of the Courts to decide disputes regarding the election of Prime Minister and Speaker was restored. Constitutional protection on the publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures was provided.

• 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985: This amendment was brought about during the Rajiv Gandhi regime with a view to putting an end to political defections. It added Tenth Schedule to the Constitution containing the modes for disqualification in case of defection from the Parliament or State Legislature.

• 55th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1986 (w.e.f. 20.02.1987): The formation of Arunachal Pradesh took place with special powers given to the Governor. It also provided for a 30-member State Assembly.

• 56th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987: Goa was made a full-fledged State with a State Assembly but Daman and Diu stayed UT

• 57th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987: It provided for reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes of Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in Lok Sabha. Seats were also reserved for the Scheduled Tribes of Nagaland and Meghalaya in the State Assemblies of Nagaland and Meghalaya.

• 58th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987: An authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi was provided to the people of India by the President.

• 59th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988: It amended Art. 356 to provide that the declaration of Emergency may remain in operation up to 3 years and also authorised the Government to proclaim an emergency in Punjab on the ground of 'internal disturbance'. The amendment made in Art. 352 thus provided that the emergency with respect to Punjab shall operate only in that State.

• 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 (w.e.f. 28.03.1989): It brought about an amendment to Article 326 for the reduction of voting age from 21 to 18 years.

• 62nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1989: It increased the period of reservation of seats provided to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for another 10 years i.e. up to 2000 A.D. The reservation for Anglo-Indians through a nomination in case of their inadequate representation, was also extended up to 2000 A.D.

• 65th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1990 (w.e.f. 12.03.1992): A National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with wide powers was provided to take care of the cause of SCs/STs.

• 66th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1990: This amendment provided for the inclusion of 55 new land reform Acts passed by the States into the Ninth Schedule.

• 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991 (w.e.f. 01.02.1992) : Arts. 239-AA and 239-AB were inserted in the Constitution to provide a National Capital Territory designation to Union Territory of Delhi with a legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers.

• 70th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992: Altered Art. 54 and 368 to include members of legislative assemblies of Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry in the electoral college for the election of the President.

• 71st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992: It included Manipuri, Konkani and Nepalese languages in the 8th Schedule.

• 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 (w.e.f. 24.04.1993): The institution of Panchayati Raj received a Constitutional guarantee, status and legitimacy. XIth Schedule was added to deal with it. It also inserted part IX, containing Arts, 243, 243A to 2430.

• 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 (w.e.f. 01.06.1993): Provided for constitutional sanctity to Municipalities by inserting Part IX-A, containing Arts. 243P to 243ZG and the Xllth Schedule which deals with the items concerning Municipalities.

• 77th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1995: By this amendment a new clause 4 A was added to Art. 16 which authorised the State to make provisions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with regard to promotions in Government jobs.

• 78th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1995: This amended the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution to insert 27 Land Reform Acts of various States. After this, the total number of Acts included in the Ninth Schedule went up to 284.

• 79th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1999: Amended Art. 334 to extend the reservation of seats for SCs / STs and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and in the State Legislative Assemblies up to 60 years from the commencement of the Constitution (i.e., till 2010).

• 80th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000: Amended Art. 269 and substituted a new Article for Art. 270 and abolished Art. 272 of the Constitution. This was based on the recommendation of the Tenth Finance Commission. This amendment was deemed to have come into operation from 1st April 1996. The Amendment widened the scope of the Central taxes and duties on the consignment of goods levied by the Government of India and distributed among States.

• 81st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000: Amended Art. 16(1) of the Constitution and added a new clause (4-B) after clause (4-A) to Art. 16(1) of the Constitution. The new clause (4-B) ends the 50% ceiling on the reservation for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes in backlog vacancies.

• 82nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000: This amendment restored the relaxation in qualifying marks and standards of evaluation in both job reservation and promotions to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes which was set aside by a Supreme Court's judgement in 1996.

• 84th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001 (w.e.f. 21.02.2002): This amendment provided that till the publication of the relevant figures of the first census after 2026 the ascertainment of the population of a State for following purposes shall be made on the basis of the census shown against each of them :
• Election of the President under Art. 55 —1971 census.
• Allotment of seats to each State in Lok Sabha —1971 census.
• Division of State into territorial Lok Sabha constituencies — 1991 census.
• Composition of Legislative Assemblies under Art. 170 —1991 census.
• Reservation of seats for SC / ST in the Lok Sabha under Art. 330 —1991 census
• 85th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001: It amended clause (4-A) of Art. 16 and substituted the words "in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class" for the words "in a matter of promotion to any class".
• The amendment provided for 'consequential seniority' to the SCs /STs for promotion in government service.

• 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002: Added a new Art. 21A after. Art. 21 which makes the right of education for children of the age of 6 to 14 years a Fundamental Right. Substitutes Article 45 to direct the State to endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years. Added a new Fundamental Duty to Part IV (Art. 51 A) of the Constitution.

• 87th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 (w.e.f. 19.02.2004): Provided that the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha and division of each State into territorial Constituencies will be done on the basis of population as ascertained by the '2001 census' and not by '1991' census.

• 88th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 (w.e.f. 15.01.2004): This amendment inserted a new Article 268A after Article 268 which empowered the Union of India to levy 'service tax'.This tax shall be collected and appropriated by the Union and States in the manner as formulated by Parliament.

• 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003: Provided for the establishment of a separate National Commission for Scheduled Tribes by bifurcating the existing National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The commission shall consist of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman and three other members. They shall be appointed by the President of India.

• 90th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003: This amendment was necessitated due to the creation of Bodoland Territorial Areas District within the State of Assam by the agreement reached between the Centre and Bodo representatives for solving Bodoland problem. It stated that the representation of Scheduled Tribes and non-Scheduled Tribes in the Constitution of the Bodoland Territorial Areas District shall be maintained. It meant that the representation of the above categories shall remain the same as existed prior to the creation of Bodoland Territorial Areas District.

• 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 (w.e.f. 01.01.2004): This amendment limits the size of Ministries at the Centre and in States. According to new Clause (1-A) the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister in the Union Council of Ministers or Chief Minister in the State Legislative Assemblies shall not exceed 15 per cent of the total members of the Lok Sabha in the Centre or Vidhan Sabha in the states. The new Clause (1-B) of Article 75 provides that a member of either House of Parliament belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that house on the ground of defection shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a minister under Clause (1) of Art. 75 and 164 until he is again elected. However, the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than 12 (in smaller States like Sikkim, Mizoram and Goa).

• 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 (w.e.f. 07.01.2004): It amended the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and has inserted 4 new languages in it, namely - Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali. After this amendment, the total number of constitutionally recognised official languages has become 22.

• 93rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2005 (w.e.f. 20.01.2006): Provided reservation in admissions in private unaided educational institutions for students belonging to scheduled castes/tribes and other backward classes.

                   There are provisions in the Constitution to ensure the independence of the judiciary.

The Constitution of India has adopted a balance between the American system* of Judicial Supremacy and the British principle of Parliamentary Supremacy.

                   The most remarkable feature of the Indian Constitution is that being a federal Constitution it acquires a unitary character during the time of emergency.

                   Under the Indian Constitution, every adult above 18 years of age has been given the right to elect representatives for the legislature without prescribing any qualification based either on sex, property, education or the like.

                   A distinctive feature of the Indian Constitution is that it provides for the establishment of a Secular State. Regardless of their religious beliefs, all Indian citizens enjoy equal rights.

                  The State cannot discriminate against anyone on the ground of religion or caste, nor can it compel anybody to pay taxes for the support of any particular religion.

                  The Indian Constitution has a special reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes in public appointments and in educational institutions and in the Union and State Legislatures.

                  An outstanding feature of the Constitution is Panchayati Raj. The idea for organising village Panchayats was provided in the Constitution under Article 40 of Part IV which received Constitutional legitimacy through the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution.

• 94th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2006: Excluded Bihar from the provision of Clause (1) of Art. 164 of the constitution which provides that there shall be a minister in charge of tribal welfare who may, in addition, be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa (now Odisha). It extends the provisions of clause (l) of Art. 164 to the newly formed States of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

• 95th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2009: Extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and State assemblies by another 10 years (beyond January 25, 2010). The time period of 60 years under Art. 334 of the constitution was to lapse on January 25, 2010. Through this amendment in Art. 334 the words 'sixty years' has been substituted by 'seventy years'.

Oct 4 all current affairs

1. Government Names Rajnish Kumar as SBI's Next Chairman

i. The Government named Rajnish Kumar as the new chairman of State Bank of India, for a three-year term. Kumar will succeed Arundhati Bhattacharya.

ii. At present, Rajnish Kumar is one of the managing directors of SBI. The Banks Board Bureau (BBB) had interviewed four managing directors for the post at the end of June and had recommended a name to the government. The government had extended Bhattacharya’s tenure for a year, with effect from October 7, 2016.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• SBI is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

2. Fourth Bi-monthly Monetary Policy Statement Released by RBI

i. On the basis of an assessment of the current and evolving macroeconomic situation at its meeting, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decided to keep the policy repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) unchanged at 6.0 percent.

ii. Consequently, the Reverse Repo Rate (RRR) under the LAF remains at 5.75 percent, and the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and the Bank Rate at 6.25 percent. The projection of real Gross Value Added (GVA) growth for 2017-18 has been revised down to 6.7 percent from the August 2017 projection of 7.3 percent, with risks evenly balanced.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Dr Urjit Patel is the 24th Governor of RBI.
• RBI Headquarters in Mumbai.

3. 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Announced

i. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution". 

ii. About three winners-

1. Jacques Dubochet is from University of Lausanne, Switzerland

2. Joachim Frank is from Columbia University, New York, USA

3. Richard Henderson is from MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• The 2017 Nobel medicine prize went to three Americans- Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young.
• The 2017 Nobel Physics Prize has been awarded to Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory.

4. First US Crude Oil Shipment Arrives in Paradip

i. The first US crude oil cargo of 1(point)6 million barrels bought by Indian Oil Corporation from the US reached Paradip Port, Odisha. Indian Oil will process the crude at its East-Coast base refineries, located at Paradip, Haldia, Barauni and Bongaigaon.

ii. Indian Oil, which became the first Indian public sector refiner to source US crude has placed a cumulative order 3.9 million barrel from the US.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Naveen Patnaik is the Present CM of Odisha.

5. Chairman NHAI Launches New Website and PMIS Mobile App 

i. The Chairman of National Highways Authority of India Shri Deepak Kumar launched a world-class, new multilingual website of the organization. He also launched a Project Monitoring Information System (PMIS) Moblie App that will facilitate close, in-house monitoring of NHAI projects on a mobile phone.

ii. To ensure timely delivery of its projects, the NHAI is now digitally monitoring them through a state-of-the-art Project Monitoring Information System (PMIS).

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Mr Nitin Gadkari is the Cabinet minister of Road Transport and Highways.

6. Soumya Swaminathan, New Deputy Director General at WHO

i. The World Health Organization (WHO) appointed Soumya Swaminathan one of two Deputy Directors General. This is the first time such a post has been ever created within the organisation. The position is also the highest post held by an Indian in the WHO.

ii. Dr Swaminathan is currently the Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). She has been appointed as Deputy Director General for Programmes and Ms Jane Ellison, who was Special Parliamentary Adviser to the UK’s Chancellor of the Exchequer, has been appointed as a Deputy Director General for Corporate Operations (DDC).

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus is the WHO’s Director General.
• WHO Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

7. Karnataka Launches mid-day Meals Scheme for Pregnant Women

i. The Karnataka government launched the Rs. 302-crore Mathru Poorna scheme, aimed at providing free mid-day meals to pregnant and lactating women in rural areas.

ii. The meals, which will be provided in Anganwadi centres, will include an egg, rice, pulses, vegetables, and milk. This is aimed at reducing child malnutrition and in turn curb infant mortality. 

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• The Governor of Karnataka is Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala.
• The Chief Minister of Karnataka is Siddaramaiah.

8. Country’s First ITI for Divyangans in Assam

i. Foundation stone for the first ever Industrial Training Institute for the Divyangans exclusively was laid at Dibrugarh ITI Complex at Borboruah, Dibrugarh by Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal.

ii. As per the guidelines of National Council for Vocational Training, the ITI will have sixty seats for three different trades with 20 seats per trade. The three different trades included in the curriculum are Computer Operator and Programming Assistant, Cutting and Sewing Technology and Hair & Skin Care.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Prof. Jagdish Mukhi is the new Governor of Assam.

9. Russia Launches ‘World’s Biggest & Most Powerful’ Nuclear Icebreaker

i. Russia has launched the world's largest nuclear-powered icebreaker ship in a bid to expand its strategic presence in the resource-rich, terrain of the Arctic.

ii. The massive vessel, named Sibir (Siberia), was developed as part of a huge push by the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation to open up crucial shipping lanes in the icy Northern Sea Route.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• The Capital of Russia is Moscow. 
• The President of Russia is Vladimir Putin.

10. GDP to Hit $6 trillion by 2027 on Digital Leap: Morgan Stanley Report

i. India is likely to be the world’s fastest-growing large economy in the next 10 years, driven by digitisation, favourable demographics, globalisation and reforms, according to the Morgan Stanley report.

ii. According to the global financial services major, the trend line in India’s annual GDP growth has been accelerating to 6.9 percent in 2000s, from 5.8 percent in the 1990s.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Morgan Stanley expects digitisation will provide an enhancement of 50-75 bps to GDP growth and forecast that India will grow to a 6-trillion-dollar economy and achieve upper-middle income status by 2026-27.

11. Bangladesh Signs $4.5-bn Loan Deal With India

i. Bangladesh signed a $4.5 billion third line of credit (LoC) agreement with India for its infrastructure and social sector development. The agreement was signed in the presence of Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and his Bangladeshi counterpart A M A Muhith.

ii. Economic Relations Division Secretary Kazi Shofiqul Azam signed the deal on behalf of Bangladesh while Managing Director of the Export-Import Bank of India (Exim) David Rasquinha signed for India.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Sheikh Hasina is the PM of Bangladesh.
• Abdul Hamid is the President of Bangladesh.

12. Param Shah Appointed as FICCI UK Director

i. The apex industry body, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) announced the appointment of Param Shah as the new Director for the United Kingdom (UK) operations.

ii. Shah will succeed Pratik Dattani whose tenure with FICCI ended recently.

13. Airtel Gets Approval for Tigo Merger

i. Bharti Airtel has received Ghana’s National Communications Authority’s approval for the merger between Bharti Ghana (Airtel) and Millicom Ghana (Tigo), subject to certain conditions.

ii. This merger will result in an entity which will be the second largest mobile network operations in the country.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• Accra is the Capital of Ghana.
• Ghanaian cedi is the Currency of Ghana.

14. Important Cabinet Approvals- 04th October 2017

i. The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has given the following set of approvals. The full list of Cabinet Approvals is given as follows.

ii. The Cabinet has approved-

1. The Extradition Treaty between India and Lithuania- The Treaty would provide a legal framework for seeking extradition of terrorists, economic offenders and other criminals from and to Lithuania,
2. The MoU between India and Switzerland on Technical Cooperation in Rail Sector,
3. MoU on Upgradation of the Women’s Police Training Centre at Yamethin, Myanmar,
4. Cabinet approved the renaming of Kandla Port as Deendayal Port.

15. 2018 Commonwealth Games Baton Arrived in New Delhi

i. The Queen's Baton for the 2018 Commonwealth Games arrived in New Delhi, India. The 2018 Commonwealth Games will be held in Australia. The Baton was received by Indian Olympic Association (IOA) joint secretary Rakesh Gupta and it will travel to Agra.

ii. It will then be taken to Nainital in Uttarakhand on October 5. The main CWG Baton Relay event will be held on October 8 at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium.

Important Takeaways from Above News-

• The Baton reached India from Pakistan. From India, the Baton will be taken to Bangladesh on October 9.
• The 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games was the sixth edition of the Commonwealth Youth Games held in South Africa.

Recruitment of Sub-Inspectors in Delhi Police, CAPFs and Assistant Sub-Inspectors in CISF Examination, 2017 - Result of Paper-I.

Recruitment of Sub-Inspectors in Delhi Police, CAPFs and Assistant Sub-Inspectors in CISF Examination, 2017 - Result of Paper-I.

PDF, FEMALE candidates:
RECTT OF SI IN DELHI POLICE, CAPFS AND ASI IN CISF EXAM., 2017 (PAPER-1) LIST OF FEMALE CANDIDATES IN ROLLNO ORDER QUALIFIED IN PAPER-1 FOR APPEARING IN PAPER-2 / PET  click here.


PDF, MALE candidates:
RECTT OF SI IN DELHI POLICE, CAPFS AND ASI IN CISF EXAM., 2017 (PAPER-1) LIST OF MALE CANDIDATES IN ROLL NO ORDER QUALIFIED IN PAPER-1 FOR APPEARING IN PAPER-2 / PET click here.


CUT-OFF MARKS:

cut-off marks ssc cpo

Innovation is dying, WhatsApp copied Snapchat and Instagram Stories sharing feature..

The new WhatsApp Status feature allows users to share pictures, videos, and GIFs with their contacts, which will disappear after 24 hours. Sounds familiar? It should. The feature is an exact clone of Instagram Stories, which in turn emulated Snapchat's feature of the same name. Unlike the other two features though, the new WhatsApp Status will incorporate the same end-to-end encryption enjoyed by the app's traditional messages.

‘Status’ will receive its own tab, located between the ‘Calls’ and ‘Chats’ tabs, in the WhatsApp UI. Within it, users will be able to view their contacts' recent status updates and the replies they've received on their own status. Users also have the option to tweak their privacy settings to make their status visible only to specific people; and by deleting their status, users can remove it from their contacts' phones, regardless of whether they've already viewed it or not.

WhatsApp has initiated the roll-out of the new status feature in Europe and it will soon be made available to WhatsApp users on iOS, Android, and Windows platforms across the world.

Status update

WhatsApp Status, despite being the founding principle behind the app, is arguably the most inconsequential feature of the messaging platform. While certain users constantly update it with the same frequency they post Facebook status updates, a large number either select one of the default statuses like ‘Hey there, I'm using WhatsApp’ or ‘Available’, while others set it once and forget about it for a while. But the company, which will celebrate its eighth birthday on February 24, wants to change this.

Mark Zuckerberg has announced his vision of a video-first social media strategy and the recent revamping of Facebook and its subsidiaries reflects this paradigm-shift. Facebook Live and Instagram Stories have been a runaway hit and the Instagram feature, in particular, has stolen a large chunk of Snapchat's user base. A similar feature on WhatsApp — which, with a user base of over a billion, dwarves both Instagram and Snapchat in number of daily users — will probably spell doom for the company that came up with the idea in the first place.

The new WhatsApp Status feature also opens a new opportunity for its parent-company Facebook to increase revenue through advertising, which hit $5.7 billion in the first half of 2016. But the fact that WhatsApp is a no-nonsense messaging app, devoid of unnecessary frills, is its biggest appeal. How the new Status feature, which will predictably open the marketing and advertising floodgates, will play out with its users remains to be seen.

NASA found new solar system and predicting the possibility of life.

Today, scientists working with telescopes at the European Southern Observatory and NASA announced a remarkable new discovery: An entire system of Earth-sized planets. If that’s not enough, the team asserts that the density measurements of the planets indicates that the six innermost are Earth-like rocky worlds.

And that’s just the beginning.

Three of the planets lie in the star’s habitable zone. If you aren’t familiar with the term, the habitable zone (also known as the “goldilocks zone”) is the region surrounding a star in which liquid water could theoretically exist. This means that all three of these alien worlds may have entire oceans of water, dramatically increasing the possibility of life. The other planets are less likely to host oceans of water, but the team states that liquid water is still a possibility on each of these worlds.

Summing the work, lead author Michaël Gillon notes that this solar system has the largest number of Earth-sized planets yet found and the largest number of worlds that could support liquid water: “This is an amazing planetary system — not only because we have found so many planets, but because they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth!”

Co-author Amaury Triaud notes that the star in this system is an “ultracool dwarf,” and he clarifies what this means in relation to the planets: “The energy output from dwarf stars like TRAPPIST-1 is much weaker than that of our Sun. Planets would need to be in far closer orbits than we see in the Solar System if there is to be surface water. Fortunately, it seems that this kind of compact configuration is just what we see around TRAPPIST-1.”

REACHING ANOTHER WORLD

The system is just 40 light-years away. On a cosmic scale, that’s right next door. Of course, practically speaking, it would still take us hundreds of millions of years to get there with today’s technology – but again, it is notable in that the find speaks volumes about the potential for life-as-we-know-it beyond Earth.

Moreover, the technology of tomorrow could get us to this system a lot faster.

These new discoveries ultimately mean that TRAPPIST-1 is of monumental importance for future study. The Hubble Space Telescope is already being used to search for atmospheres around the planets, and Emmanuël Jehin, a scientist who also worked on the research, asserts that future telescopes could allow us to truly see into the heart of this system: “With the upcoming generation of telescopes, such as ESO’s European Extremely Large Telescope and the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, we will soon be able to search for water and perhaps even evidence of life on these worlds.”

Europe's 'travel ban',

US President Donald Trump is expected to sign a new executive order this week that would temporarily halt travel from citizens of seven nations he says pose a high risk of terrorism.

Before it was halted in the courts, his initial order caused chaos at airports and prompted noutrage around the world. German chancellor Angela Merkel warned against imposing a "general suspicion" on all Muslims; French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said that welcoming refugees was "a duty of solidarity."

But the reality is that many European countries have curbed their own refugee programs.

Since the arrival of over one million migrants and refugees in Europe in 2015, governments across Europe have sought to fortify their countries' borders with fences, walls and guards against future mass migrations.

"The year 2015 must not be allowed to be repeated," said Austria's Defense Minister Hans Peter Doskozil.

This month, representatives from 15 countries met to discuss fortifying their borders to make it harder for migrants to reach central and western parts of Europe.

And earlier this year, EU leaders outlined plans to "stem the flow" of migrants traveling across the Mediterranean from Libya to Italy, and boost the ability of the EU to send people back.

"The key priority is reducing the flow without any consideration for the causes of migration," said Dr Nando Sigona, an expert in migration at Birmingham University's School of Social Policy, told CNN.

"By closing down the routes they are making people even more vulnerable to danger and violence."

The UK government recently announced it was halting a program to resettle lone refugee children, after 350 had been brought to Britain. Campaigners had hoped that 3,000 children would benefit from the scheme, introduced last year.

Home Secretary Amber Rudd told the House of Commons the government did not want the so-called Dubs amendment to act as a "pull factor" encouraging unaccompanied minors to travel to Europe: "We do not want to incentivize perilous journeys to Europe, particularly by the most vulnerable children."

Alfred Dubs, who came to the UK as a child refugee on the "Kindertransport" from the Czech Republic in 1939 and who designed the program, expressed his dismay at the decision. "It's bitterly disappointing," the Labour politician told CNN's Christiane Amanpour. "I think they wanted to shut the thing down and found any excuse to do it."

NGO Help Refugees is taking legal action against the government over their handling of the Dubs amendment. In a statement, they allege that the Home Secretary's "failure to implement her Dubs duties towards unaccompanied children in Calais ... contributed to [them] being exposed to serious human rights violations." The case will be heard in June.

The government's move is just the latest in a series of measures designed to reduce the number of child refugees eligible to come to the UK.

In November 2016, the Home Office issued new guidance barring unaccompanied refugees from Afghanistan, Yemen and Eritrea older than 12, who were living in the now-demolished "Jungle" camp at Calais in northern France, from entering the UK if they have no family there.

The following month the government ended the process of transferring children from France after resettling 750 of the 1,900 registered minors, according to Human Rights Watch. Rudd said she was "proud" of the UK government's "active approach to helping and sheltering the most vulnerable."

More than 250,000 people were given refugee status in Germany in 2016, many of whom had arrived the previous year when Chancellor Angela Merkel threw the country's doors open to refugees, but there are signs that attitudes are hardening.

In accordance with European Commission recommendations, from March, Germany will begin returning asylum seekers to Greece, if that was the first safe country in which they arrived, a spokeswoman for the German Ministry for the Interior told CNN. This process was halted in 2011 due to "systemic deficiencies in the Greek asylum system."

Pro Asyl, a German organization that advocates for the rights of refugees criticized the decision to send "more people into the miserable conditions" in Greece and condemned the transfer system as "inhumane."

A recent report by Amnesty International highlighted the "dire conditions" in Greek camps, citing "overcrowding, freezing temperatures, lack of hot water and heating, poor hygiene, bad nutrition, inadequate medical care, violence and hate-motivated attacks."

In a further sign of changing views, German Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere recently announced that border controls with Austria -- introduced as a short-term measure in September 2015 -- would continue indefinitely.

ISRO sends 104 satellites in one go, breaks Russia's record, Proud moment for Indian people. Congratulations.

The Indian Space Research Organisation on Wednesday scripted history by successfully launching a record 104 satellites, including India’s earth observation satellite, on a single rocket from the spaceport here.

This is the highest number of satellites ever launched in a single mission.

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C37 blasted off at 9:28 am from the first launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre and first injected Cartosat-2 series satellite into orbit followed by the other 103 nano satellites, including 96 from the U.S, in a gap of about 30 minutes.

As the scientists at the Mission Control centre broke into cheers, ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar announced: “All 104 satellites successfully placed in orbit. My hearty congratulations to the entire ISRO team for the wonderful job they have done.”

Earlier, the Russian Space Agency had launched 37 satellites in one go.

ISRO had earlier launched 23 satellites in a single mission in June 2015.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Team ISRO for the successful launch.

In today’s complex mission after the end of 28-hour countdown, the PSLV-C37 injected the 714 kg Cartosat-2 series satellite followed by ISRO’s nano satellites INS-1A and INS-1B in an 505 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO).

This was followed by launch of the other 101 nano satellites of overseas customers in blocks in a series of separations.

INS-1A and INS-1B will carry a total of four different payloads from Space Applications Centre (SAC) and Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems (LEOS) of ISRO for conducting various experiments, ISRO said

Cartosat-2 series satellite, with a mission life of five years, will send images that would cater to coastal land use and regulation, road network monitoring, distribution of water, creation of land use maps among others

PM lauds launch

Meanwhile, ISRO chief A.S. Kiran Kumar said at the mission control centre at Sriharikota that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has congratulated the space agency team for the successful launch.

“Congratulations to @isro for the successful launch of PSLV-C37 and CARTOSAT satellite together with 103 nano satellites!,” Mr. Modi said in a tweet.

“This remarkable feat by @isro is yet another proud moment for our space scientific community and the nation. India salutes our scientists,” he said.

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Home Ministry website hacked? Officials said no.

HM

The website of the Union Home Ministry was non-functional on Sunday and officials said cyber experts were trying to ascertain if it had been hacked.

The website's landing page was drawing a blank and the site, which is accessed by hundreds of visitors daily and contains non-sensitive documents of the ministry, central paramilitary forces, visa-related information and contact details of the ministry officials, itself had become inaccessible.

The problem most probably began early in the morning but officials were not yet certain.

"I don't know when the site developed the snag," ministry spokesperson K.S. Dhatwalia told IANS. "Details will be available after we find out the glitches.

"We are checking," Dhatwalia said, adding that he was not sure when the website would become functional.

The spokesperson had earlier said it was not a case of hacking as the site was being reconstructed.

The site, like all government websites, is maintained by the National Informatics Commission (NIC).

Deputy Director General NIC B.N. Shetty denied there was any malicious activity behind the snag and said it was "very funny" to call it a cyber attack.

"There was no hack or anything. The site was pulled down for auditing," Shetty told IANS.

"Actually, there was a data base problem. Sometimes it occurs. People thought that the site has been hacked. We have done the complete auditing. There is no malicious activity. We have now given green signal to release the site."

However, the site remained down till late Sunday evening.

Indian government websites have often come under attack from suspected Pakistani hackers.

In January, suspected Pakistan-based operatives had hacked the website of National Security Guard (NSG) and defaced it with anti-India content and comments against the Prime Minister.

Last week, the government informed the Lok Sabha that over 700 websites linked to the central and state governments were hacked in the past four years.

Experts attributed the frequent hacking of Indian websites to lack of adequate security measures in the virtual world.